The Key Characteristics Of Lasswell s Policy Orientation

A Literature Review on the Key Characteristics of Lasswell’s Policy Orientation Lasswell’s formation of public policy is founded upon fundamental characteristics that establish the view that policymaking rests on scientific analysis and a practical application, concluding on the necessity of a policy science to understand the full complexities of policy formation. An analysis and discussion of these characteristics can be found in the following academic articles: ‘Revisiting Lasswell’ by James Farr, Jacob S. Hacker and Nicole Kazee, ‘From the old to the new policy design: design thinking beyond markets and collaborative governance’ by Michael Howlett, ‘Policy Dismantling’ by Andrew Jordan, Michael W. Bauer and Christoffer Green-Pedersen, and lastly Nick Turnbull’s ‘Harold lasswell’s â€Å"problem orientation† for the policy sciences’. As per a literature review I will begin by first outlining the defining characteristics of Lasswell’s policy orientation, then providing a s ummary of the four identified articles, after which a comparison and contrast will occur respective to each characteristic outlined. One of the aforementioned characteristics of Lasswell’s policy process is the emphasis on the importance of knowledge, as contextual and a non-neutral activity, encouraging continual and collective participation within the policymaking process. Another significant characteristic is the role of policy scientists, particularly as a social activity, and the problem of

Ethical Theories Covered Utilitarianism, Kant s...

Religion and Philosophy Assessment Item 9:C Applied Ethics Social issue: Health services in Australia Ethical theories covered: utilitarianism, Kant’s categorical imperative 1. Hello, Im Alice The social issue I will be discussing is Abortion. Ethics is important in our day-to-day lives. An ethical dilemma is presented when you have to make a decision based on conscience. Something may not be against the rules, or unlawful, but you may wonder to yourself if its right or wrong in someway. That’s when ethics kick in .it runs counter to your intuition.it comes down to fairness, basic human values, treating each other fairly, respecting each others values, and learning form each other. You have to do the right thing, even if theirs no rule†¦show more content†¦If more negative than positive consequences occur, than it is an immoral decision. In the case of abortion and potential life, utilitarianism would look at who’s affected., the mother or the parents, the child or the future adult and society. Early unborn humans don’t feel pain, they can’t act rationally and there not self aware, therefore they are not intrinsically valuable. In a perfect utilitarian universe the women would be emotionally able, financially stable, all of the complications and all of the life changes that are involved in rearing a child would be taken in account. We would not have too much of an issue in any case where a women was pregnant. Unfortunately this does not happen a lot of the time. Should people stop have non-procreative sex? A utilitarian would say absolutely not, they should be able to do it and it’s a good thing. A part from the few cases in which we have an issue of un intential pregnancy, the vast majority of the time it’s a positive in terms of the pleasure and happiness in the world. Women unfit, unready or otherwise uninterested in rearing a child should be allowed to have abortion because potential life is a fickle idea to begin with. A lot of them don’t make it to fruition and it’s not entirely clear whether they’re intrinsically valuable. We value infants because after the 24-week period they are viable and they’re essentially a human. Their social influence is very strong because it comes form education, political

Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism free essay sample

Hinduism and Buddhism Some people may think that Hinduism and Buddhism are the same religions with just two different names. They aren’t, Buddhism and Hinduism both have different types of rituals, holidays, founders, and so-on. The two extensive religions of Hinduism and Buddhism have lots of information behind themselves. They are made up of cultures, rituals, practices, and many other things. â€Å"Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long period of time. (World History Patterns of Interaction, 2005) Hinduism has been made up of so many different cultures and beliefs that unlike Christianity and Islam it is unable to be traced back. Hindus believe in karma and reincarnation. Karma is good and bad things that a person does and they follow them through each reincarnation. Reincarnation is the rebirth of a soul or spirit which follows after death into a new body and begins another life. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Hinduism and Buddhism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The three major Hindu gods were Vishnu the protector, Brahma the creator, and Shiva the destroyer. The founder of Buddhism was Siddhartha Gautama. Buddhism was founded around about 563 B. C. There are no worshiped gods in Buddhism. In Buddhism karma and reincarnation were strongly believed in just like in Hinduism. In 273 B. C. Ashoka took the throne he had adopted many of the ideas of Buddhism, which helped a lot in the spread of Buddhism. The goal for some Buddha was enlightenment and to achieve this they had to follow the Eightfold Path one step at a time. The final goal in Buddhism is nirvana which is a state of being perfect and ending the process of reincarnation. Today there is an estimated 600 million Buddhists. There are many differences between the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism just like there are many similarities, but here are a few. Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism, but there was no founder for Hinduism, it was just put together by combining many different religions and cultures. In Hinduism there were three major Gods that were worshiped by the Hindus, but there was not one God in Buddhism that was ever worshiped or looked up to. Also, Buddhism was a more peaceful and calm religion. Unlike in Buddhism, in Hinduism there was a caste system. It was a group from a social system. Hindus had gone by using a caste system, but it was rejected in the Buddhism community which resulted in many Buddhist being laborers and craftspeople. Hindus and Buddha both had different beliefs. For example, â€Å"Hindus saw religion as a way of liberating the soul from illusions, disappointments, and mistakes of everyday existence. † (World History Patterns of Interaction, 2005) There were also a few similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism. For example, they both believed in reincarnation after death and karma, which means to keep people bound to the world through the cycle of life and death. Also they each had final goals. For example, in Buddhism the final goal was called nirvana and in Hinduism the final goal was called moksha. Each would happen after reincarnation was finished and the spirit and soul had a perfect understanding. Both Buddhism and Hinduism were helped spread by people. For example, Ashoka spread Hinduism by adopting it in a way after war, and missionaries helped spread Buddhism. Also, both religions promote non-violent beliefs toward all living things. To conclude this essay I would say that Hinduism is more or less a group rather than a religion because it was made up of other religions and Buddhism is like a subcategory that would branch off of Hinduism. Hinduism and Buddhism both support the belief of reincarnation and karma. But they don’t both believe in Gods. Also they both support non-violent actions to living things. Buddhism was originally created from Hinduism because the founder, Siddhartha Gautama was originally Hindu but then after creating Buddhism he became the Buddha. Bibliography Hay, Jeff. Buddhism. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. 2006. Rinehart, Robin. Contemporary Hinduism. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO Inc. 2004.

Two Peas in a Pod Essays - Aunt Em, , Term Papers

Eisenbeis 1 Courtney Eisenbeis Bryan McBride English Composition One 16 April 2015 Two Peas in a Pod It is commonly found that most children relate to and resemble someone close to them in their life. Among every family there are many resemblances in facial features and personality traits, but there are also many other differences that make each individual their own person. Though most people say they are similar to their mom or dad, I am in close resemblance with my aunt. Although we are alike in most ways, there are just as many differences which is what makes us individual. A few of the many qualities that make me and my aunt comparable and similar consist of our looks and body features. She has long blonde hair that tends to change color with the seasons, just as mine does. We are similar in eye color and the curve of our smile. Freckles are common along the family line, but we are two of few that dont show freckles until the sun brings them out. Another body feature we have in common is the pigment of our skin. Not all of our family looks the same or similar but it just so happened that I was born looking just like my aunt. Along with our facial and body features we are similar in the way we talk. When we are excited or have a lot to say we talk fast and as we keep talking we end up not being able to be understood. People we talk to always have to tell us to slow down or breathe because our words start to jumble together. As a little kid I would always watch my aunt and follow everything she does. Because of that I now walk the same way she does. We both have a slight slouch in our shoulders and walk on the insides of our shoes. Since I have always watched and followed in her footsteps, it has Eisenbeis 2 become habit for me to be just like her. I never want to leave her side and because of that she has taught me not only lessons in life but also what to do in many situations. She is a perfect example of a role model for me because of the similarities we share. Since I have gotten older and I have become more and more like her, standing side by side or far apart, we are almost mistaken as sisters. There are so many similar qualities about me and my aunt which makes us more comparable than we are contrastable, but there are still things we each do that make us slightly different. Growing up I have always been involved in sports, but when my aunt was younger, and still to this day she does not have a sporty bone in her body. Being involved or not involved in physical sports is not the only thing that makes us slightly different. We have also not always enjoyed doing the same things. Being a little girl, I never wanted to be girly and have tea parties like my aunt tried to do with me. I always made her play outside with me and go to the park to swing, because that was my favorite thing to do. Along with our differences in interests we also dress different. I have a more laid back kind of style and she has the more upbeat and instyle fashion, which sets us apart in a great difference of not only how we dress, but it shows more of the kind of people we are and what we are interested in. Even though we have differences, that still does not set us apart from being similar in so many ways. As I have grown up we have both changed a lot as individuals. Always watching my aunt and wanting to be just like her has made me choose to go in a certain career path she enjoys and to spend more time with her doing what we both love, going to sporting games and spending quality time at dinner or shopping together. Over the years having someone like my aunt who is so similar to me in my life has helped me not only figure out what I like doing that is different, but it has also helped me in deciding what I love to do best. She has been a great best Eisenbeis 3 friend for me because of who she is in

Tuskegee University Essays - Optics, Photography, Software

Tuskegee University Photography As An Agribusiness : A case Study of Wildlife - Science Meets Art Brandon Bradley Student April 30 th , 2018 I frequently hear: "I extremely like your photographs. You should claim an astonishing and super costly camera!" My answer to these individuals is: "Whether you possess Tiger Woods' golf club, would you have the capacity to play at his level?" For Woods' situation, everything comes down to a long time of training and a sound measurement of crude ability. It is genuine thatmost of the timemore costly cameras yield better picture quality, yet it doesn't naturally accompany picture excellence. Similarly as in golf, the best outcomes are accomplished by investing a great deal of energy behind the camera, taking a gander at different photographs as a type of motivation, and in the long run including your own particular touch/style to your photography. With the approach of site-particular harvest administration, supportability and benefit, arrive cultivating now requires data and innovation based administration framework to distinguish break down and oversee spatial and fleeting asset fluctuation. The is approach is being made progressively conceivable by late advancement in data advances, for example, cell phones, geographic data frameworks, situating innovations and Earth Perceptions. Such development now off blunders an all encompassing way to deal with small scale oversee agrarian asset. Essential mapping and homestead level record keeping is one of the primary accuracy horticulture rehearses that must be actualized in a run of the mill beneficial farming task . Common undertakings incorporate mapping of varieties that happen in vast scale field highlights, for example, vegetation push, edit revolution, reviewing, water system, soil waste and disintegration, bug control, and so forth. The e look for a minimal effort strategy that considers the development of data innovation in information catch and studying, information handling, database creation and geographic data frameworks ends up compulsory keeping in mind the end goal to react to such needs. Without precedent for Malta, the gathering of high exactness cultivating measurements that makes utilization of an economical framework for airborne mapping that requires ins ignificant ground jogging. The adequacy of such a strategy for little territories was later identified with seaside and shoreline administration in the Maltese islands. In the present case, advanced elevated remote detecting empowered the exact mapping of rural factors, and combined with ground review information, brought about the generation of exact, high determination farming yield cover maps. Extra data can be additionally gotten from this information that can be utilized for the improvement of miniaturized scale agribusiness hones. In spite of the fact that news scope around them is for the most part centered around use in military tasks, automatons can be utilized over different ventures . ( Corradino , C. ) Utilizing different payloads, extending from GoPro cameras to proficient cameras, automatons can be utilized to play out an assortment of errands, going from observation missions in the military to, conceivably, conveying pizza.According to an examination by the Relationship for Unmanned Vehicle Frameworks Universal, the automaton, or UAV, industry in the U.S. could create up to 100,000 new occupations and include $82 billion in financial movement in the vicinity of 2015 and 2025. Those numbers are entirely huge. In any case, the industry has somewhat of a trek to get to them. This is on account of protection concerns adjust the case for ramble utilize . ( Berg, M., Williams, J ) A lion's share of nations on the planet today utilize a free arrangement of rules to repr esent ramble utilize. An outstanding exemption is Japan, which utilizes rambles widely for horticulture purposes. With direction representing ramble go through for exchange in 2015, the Unified States could soon take after Japan's lead. Around three weeks prior, I went to 3D Mechanical autonomy, a startup that makes rambles. As I said before, business utilization of automatons is restricted in the States. Thus, roughly 50% of the startup's clients are situated outside the States. Natural life photography is the focal point of this investigation. The genuine creatures that untamed life photos catch and fix in time are transient in excess of one sense; in their wild environments, creatures move all through sight while their proceeded

Laws and Rules in State Licensing and Public Policy Essays

Laws and Rules in State Licensing and Public Policy Essays Laws and Rules in State Licensing and Public Policy Essay Laws and Rules in State Licensing and Public Policy Essay Laws and Rules in State Licensing and Public Policy Name: Course: Date: Alabama The state of Alabama has specific laid down guidelines on how to recruit professional counselors. The Alabama Recovery Center is the main health facility that offers mental health treatment in the state of Alabama and works closely with the Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling (ABEC) that conducts counseling examinations within the state. The requirements for counselor certification and licensure are different and are outlined based on educational background and the professional experience of the applicant. A).The Scope of Counseling and the Criteria for Becoming a Licensed Professional Counselor According to Alabama Recovery Center (2012), the types of counseling offered in Alabama deal with chronic pain, substance abuse, marriage/couples, grief and loss, abuse/trauma, depression, Fibromyalgia and anxiety. In chronic pain counseling, the Alabama Recovery Center provides individual and group pain counseling with the help of the Behavioral Science Department of Alabama Pain Center. Substance abuse counseling is divided into three phases namely intensive outpatient program, after care and custom care. According to the Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling (2012), the requirements for one to be recognized as a licensed professional counselor in the state of Alabama are: A pass score in one countrywide counselor examination. Either the NCE or the NCMHCE. A post graduate degree in counseling, family therapeutics, community service and any psychological subject attained from a recognized institution. Non-refundable application fee of $200.00 payable to the Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling and a recent photograph. Course of study form sent directly from relevant educational institution. 2 recommendations from clinical counseling supervisors. Attained 3000 hours of master’s supervised knowledge in trained counseling done over one year supervised by a psychology expert, or a licensed professional counselor done for at least 100 hours. Finish 60 master’s session hours in counseling at a recognized college or university within the state. B).Distinction between Licensure, Certification and Accreditation a). Certification Certification is the first process through which the competence of counseling students is recognized. After certification, the student counselor can legally adopt the title of a certified counselor. In the state of Alabama, counselor certification is carried out by the Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling that is delegated by the governor of Alabama. b). Licensure This is a way of regulating the standards of certified counselors. Licensure is different from state to state unlike certification that is standard across all states. Counseling institutions also have to be granted licenses to legalize their operations. Licenses can be revoked in cases where the counselor or counselor training institutions are found to be acting in violation of professional counseling guidelines. c). Accreditation Through this process, institutions that educate counselors are recognized by higher organizations and issued certificates (CACREP 2013).Examples of national accrediting bodies include Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), the Council on Rehabilitation Education (CORE) and the Council on Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). Examples of accredited counseling institutions in the state of Alabama include Alabama State University, Auburn University, South University-Montgomery, Faulkner University, Jacksonville State University and Gadsden State Community College. C). Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice for Licensed Professional Counselors in Alabama The Alabama Counseling Association code of ethics is divided into eight main chapters that address counseling relationship, confidentiality, privileged communication and privacy, professional responsibility, relationships with other professionals, evaluation, assessment and interpretation, supervision, training and teaching, research and publication and resolving ethical issues. The counseling relationship section outlines the primary responsibility of the counselor, describes counseling plans, discourages any form of discrimination, sexual intimacy with client or colleague and defines client rights. The confidentiality section describes client right to privacy, groups and families, minor or incompetent clients and consultation. The professional responsibility chapter describes professional competence, advertising and soliciting clients, credentials and responsibility to other professionals. The chapter on evaluation, assessment and interpretation describes the competence to use and interpret tests, informed consent, test selection and test construction. Training and supervision describes roles of counselor educators (Alabama Counseling Association 2010). Standards of practice are described in the code of ethics as representing minimal behavioral statements of the code of ethics. Standard of Practice one (SP-1), is about avoiding harm to clients, Standard of Practice two (SP-2) emphasizes on nondiscrimination .The last Standard of Practice, (SP-56) is about cooperation with investigative committee. D). the Concept of Core Provider Status The core provider is the professional entity allotted the task of equipping a facility or group of facilities with vital operating materials and services. This concept is usually employed by companies, organizations or institutions that require periodical provisions of different materials to be able to run smoothly. Among this wide variety of institutions are medical institutions that require consistent provision of drugs and medical tools and materials to be able to dispense their services to patients. This concept has enabled health institutions to operate for long periods without stopping because there are usually enough materials needed to run these facilities. When there is a shortage of a particular material, the core provider is notified in time so that they are able to acquire the material and deliver it to the health institution in time. Some health institutions core providers, depending on their capacity, provide materials to more than one institution therefore enhancing the efficiency of health facilities. With such consistent, reliable provision of materials to health facilities, most if not all health facilities are able to operate for a whole year without having to shut down because of insufficient materials. This consequently buffers the accessibility of health services to citizens. The task of funding mental health services has for a long time been a responsibility of the American government. Over the years, private providers have also come aboard to supplement provisions made by the government to mental health facilities. Public sector financing for mental health services include Medicaid, Medicare and other public programs initiated by the government. On the other hand, private sector funding includes private insurance coverage, outs of these interactions are public-private interactions, public payer interactions and behavioral and social services interactions (The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured 2011). E). Public Policies of Mental Health Services Because mental challenges affect may people in the United States, it is crucial that efficient policies are made to govern the operations of mental health facilities. Public policies should be created with the sole aim of bettering the services provided to people with mental challenges. Results of a research conducted by mental health analysts have suggested that improving the social conditions of people does eliminate the chances of mental problems by a huge percentage. Those at most risk of being mentally challenged are the people who are ranked lowest in financial capability. Consequently, better living conditions translate to better mental health status. Policy makers on mental health should urge the government to improve the social well being of people as the first attempt towards reducing the occurrence of mental health problems. Education, housing, income and poverty levels should be critical pointers to mental health public policy formulators. Public policies, mainly formulated by the government, should ensure that the available funding is channeled first towards those in low-income brackets. Mental health policy makers should also create a direct link with educational institutions to first improve standards of education in a bid to improve the mental capabilities of pupils and students. In ensuring that the proper policies are made towards solving mental health problems, advocacy has to be embraced in exposing the current statistics of mental health problems and how these figures can be reduced. The general components of advocacy in mental health policy formulation are awareness-raising, information, education and training provision, mutual help, counseling, mediating between and defending mental health patients. In conclusion, professional counseling in Alabama is at an advanced stage with efficient struc tures and institutions in place. Counselors conduct their duties within the limits of the professional counselors’ codes of ethics and other stipulations put in place by national associations. Advocacy is important in decoding general misconceptions about mental health problems. References Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling. (2012). Application to the Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling. In Alabama Board of Examiners in Counseling. Retrieved from abec.alabama.gov/LPC.htm Alabama Counseling Association. (2010). Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice. In Alabama Counseling Association. Retrieved from alabamacounseling.org/ethics.html Alabama Recovery Center. (June 2, 2012). Our Services. In Covenant Health Centers.Retrieved from covenanthealthcenters.com/alabama-recovery-center/our-services/ Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs .(2013) What is Accreditation.Accreditation Basics.In Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. Retrieved from cacrep.org/index.cfm/what-is-accreditation The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured. (April 2011). Mental Health Financing in the United States. A Primer. Washington. The Kaiser Family Foundation.

Social Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Media - Essay Example Michael Haenle in and Andreas Kaplan describe social media to mean "a set of Internet-based appliances that exploit the technological and ideological basics of Web 2.0, as well as permit the formation and interchange of user-generated information (2010). Additionally, social media hinges on web-based and mobile technologies to form extremely interactive programs through which communities and individuals co-create, share, discuss, as well as transform user-generated information. It initiates pervasive and significant transformations to communication among organizations, individuals and communities. Social media is different from industrial or traditional media in numerous aspects, for instance, reach, permanence, quality, frequency, immediacy, and usability. Social media technology takes on numerous different varieties including Internet forums, magazines, social blogs, weblogs, wikis, micro blogging, social networks, pictures or photographs, podcasts video, rating as well as social b ookmarking. Through applying a collection of concepts in the arena of social processes and media research, Haenlein and Kaplan formed a classification system in their Corporate Horizons (2010) article. They used six varied kinds of social media: micro blogs and blogs (for instance, Twitter), collaborative projects (for instance, Wikipedia), content communities (for instance, Daily Motion and YouTube), and social networking websites, for instance, Facebook. Others include virtual social worlds (for instance, Second Life), simulated game worlds (for instance, World of War craft).The technologies comprise blogs, wall-postings, picture sharing, email, vlogs, instant messaging; voice over IP and crowd sourcing, and music sharing. Much of these packages can be assimilated through social network accretion programs. Social media net websites comprise sites like, Twitter, Facebook, Viadeo, Vkontakte, Tuenti, Hyves, Daniel's World , Dreams village, MySpace, and Bebo. Once social media is appl ied in sequence with mobile gadgets it is termed as mobile social-media. Therefore, social media is a set of mobile promoting applications, which permit the formation and interchange of user-generated information. Owing to the datum that mobile-social media operates on mobile gadgets, it distinguishes from outmoded social media since it integrates new aspects, for instance, the current user location (location-sensitivity) and the time interval amid sending as well as receiving texts (time-sensitivity) (Watts, 2010). Whereas traditional-social media provide a range of prospects for corporations in a comprehensive range of corporate sectors, mobile-social media utilizes the time - and location -sensitivity facets of it to take on marketing research, sales discounts or promotions, communication, and affiliation loyalty or development platforms. E-commerce businesses denote to social media as CGM (consumer-generated media). A shared thread running within all social media descriptions is a combination of social interaction and technology for the co-formation of value (Li & Bernoff, 2008). Individuals obtain information, news, education, and other facts from print and electronic media. Social media is distinctive from traditional or industrial media, for instance, newspapers, film television, since they